As of 2008, he had collected 2,231 different smileys. In 1992, Internet enthusiast James Marshall also began compiling a list of smilies on his personal website. This compilation of 650 emoticons was turned into a book published six years later. Sanderson shared a list of smilies with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, who began hosting it on their website. Though the fonts, which turn letters into glyphs, shapes and small pictures, were not necessarily meant to be used as emoticons, many AOL users used them to decorate their profiles. In 1990, a series of three dingbat fonts known as Wingdings were incorporated into Microsoft Windows. Also in the 19th century, American journalist Ambrose Bierce wrote of a way to “improve punctuation” by using a \_/ to “represent a smiling mouth.” According to the National Telegraphic Review and Operators Guide published in 1857, transmission of the number 73 meant “love and kisses.” In 1881, prototypes of emoticons were featured in an instructional article titled "Typographical Art," published by humor magazine Puck. The practice of using shorthand to express emotion dates back to the 19th century with the invention of Morse code. Meanwhile, the term “Emoticon,” a blending of the words “emotion” and “icon,” appeared in print publications for the first time in the New York Times on January 28th, 1990 and added to the Oxford English Dictionary (shown below) in its June 2001 print edition, followed by the first Urban Dictionary definition submitted on October 1, 2002. Decades later, Fahlman stated in an April 2001 interview that he created the smiley to better understand his peers, whose sarcasm on the message board was sometimes misread due to the lack of facial expressions or tone of voice. For this, useįahlman took credit for inventing the “:-)” and “:-(” emoticons on his website. Things that are NOT jokes, given current trends. Actually, it is probably more economical to mark The earliest recorded usage of the smiley face has been attributed to a post written by Scott Fahlman, submitted after a three day long discussion on the Carnegie Mellon University computer science general message board about jokes and how to distinguish humor online: I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers: However, the earliest known iteration of ASCII-based facial expression is the smiley face (represented as ":-)" to indicate sarcasm in the preceding statement) as proposed by ARPANET user Kevin MacKenzie via MsgGroup mailing list on April 12th, 1979. ASCII Art, or the concept of turning letters and characters into pictures, has been around since at least 1966.
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